Dizziness in elderly people – how to prevent falls at home

Many people think that unsteadiness and dizziness in old age are "just age". But in many older people, dizziness has causes that can be found and improved. A fall can lead to serious problems such as a hip fracture – so prevention matters.

Common causes of dizziness in older people

• BPPV – spinning when turning in bed
• Weakening of the inner ear balance system
• Blood pressure dropping on standing up
• Side effects of some medicines (sleeping pills, BP medicines and others)
• Poor eyesight, reduced feeling in the feet (for example, due to diabetes), joint pain

Simple steps to prevent falls at home

• Keep floors free of slippery mats, wires and clutter.
• Use a non-slip mat in the bathroom and fit a grab bar.
• Keep a small night light on between the bed and the bathroom.
• When getting out of bed, sit up first, wait a moment, then stand.
• Wear non-slip footwear; make sure stairs have a railing.
• Keep everyday items within easy reach – avoid climbing on stools.
• Get glasses checked regularly.

Why a balance test?

Computerised posturography measures how steadily a person stands. VNG and the Head Impulse Test look for inner ear problems. Once the cause is known, the right treatment and balance exercises can improve steadiness and confidence.

When to see a doctor

• After even one fall in the past year
• When walking needs support from a wall or another person
• When fear of falling stops someone from going out

After a fall with a head injury – especially if taking blood-thinning medicines – see a doctor immediately.